US-Cuba Policy Highlights
Issue No. 22 - September 29, 2025
In this newsletter:
- ACERE Policy Insight
Cuba Provisions in the FY266 NDAA and State Department Reauthorization Bill
- ACERE Statement
After Assata Shakur’s Death, ACERE Reiterates Call to Lift Cuba’s Designation as a State Sponsor of Terrorism – Read the ACERE Statement
- US-Cuba Policy News
- Cuba: we’ll keep our end of deal with US despite sanctions
- Exclusive: Cuba is “very worried” about looming US war with Venezuela
- Brazil, Colombia and South Africa slam US sanctions on Cuba at UN General Assembly
- Trump says Cuba has no autism. That’s news to Cuban doctors.
- Chicago City Council urges restored travel, trade with Cuba
- Cuba calls on United Nations to stop US militarization of the region
- Cuba reports $7.5b in losses, damages due to U.S. sanctions in 2024
- Florida judge sets aside $30m Helms-Burton verdict
- DOJ shuts down $18 human smuggling ring scheme that brought hundreds of Cubans to America
- Trump extends Trading with the Enemy Act on Cuba for another year
- Will Cuba be allowed in the 2026 World Baseball Classic? Cuban baseball federation says participation in peril
- Miami-Dade tax collector vows crackdown on businesses tied to Cuba: “We know who they are”
They left Cuba seeking the American Dream. ICE sent them home in shackles.
- Appeals court upholds end to Cuban parole program
- News from Cuba
Brazil aids Cuba on food security with UN support
- Cuba records nearly 1,000 same-sex marriages in 2024
Cuba hit with fifth blackout in less than a year with 10m people in the dark
Cuba’s energy crisis deepens as blackouts grip the island
- Recommended Media
Cuba’s private sector: pressure valve or engine of development?
- How reparto became the heartbeat of Cuba
- Proposed war authorization could allow Trump to target 60+ countries
- For many Cuban ballet dances, forging a path means leaving
- Ex-Trump officials cashing in on Latin American tariff fears
- A new generation of musicians is revitalizing Cuba’s music scene
ACERE Policy Insight
Cuba Provisions in the FY266 NDAA and State Department Reauthorization Bill
As Congress works to avoid an impending government shutdown this week by hammering out an agreement on a continuing resolution, several Cuba-related provisions have been included in recent bills that are also currently under consideration on Capitol Hill. As ACERE previously reported in July, the FY26 federal government spending bills, particularly to fund the State, Treasury, and Transportation departments, include a wide range of measures intended to further restrict and scrutinize family travel, cash remittances, airline operations, private sector exports, financial transactions, and aviation security cooperation with respect to Cuba. These bills, which have passed out of the House Appropriations Committee but have not yet been voted on by the full House of Representatives, will be reconciled with the Senate versions of the bills and potentially come up for votes on the House Floor in the coming months, regardless of whether or not a stopgap continuing resolution passes this week.
Yet in the FY26 National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA), which has been passed by the House and is currently being debated in the Senate, Cuba has also been included in an amendment introduced by Senator Tom Cotton (R-AK) seeking to further restrict the movement and activities of accredited diplomatic personnel across the United States. S.Amdt.3696 seeks to codify a notification mechanism through which “covered countries,” including Cuba, must request State Department authorization in advance of any travel outside of the established radius for their movement. These travel requests are then sent to the Director of National Intelligence and the Director of the FBI, and once accepted, must be certified by the relevant Congressional committees that the diplomatic personnel are not known or suspected intelligence officials, or that the travel will not be used for intelligence purposes.
Furthermore, in the Department of State Policy Provisions Act (H.R. 5300), one of nine bills comprising the State Department reauthorization process that passed favorably out of the House Foreign Affairs Committee in mid-September, Rep. Maria Elvira Salazar (R-FL) introduced an amendment to codify Cuba’s state sponsor of terrorism designation, better known as the FORCE Act. It appears that the amendment was not made in order and thus not included in the bill to be debated by the entire House of Representatives. The stand-alone version of the bill, HR 450, has not been marked up in the relevant committee either, despite having 30 co-sponsors. Salazar’s bill seeks to “prohibit removing Cuba from the list of state sponsors of terrorism until the President makes the determination that a transition government in Cuba is in power,” which in reality has little to do with the criteria established by the law for sponsoring international terrorism.
While Rep. Salazar’s amendment was ultimately not included in State Department reauthorization bills, and Sen. Cotton’s NDAA amendment is still being debated amid the broader reconciliation process, ACERE notes that these provisions, along with those included in the FY26 appropriations bills, are not only damaging to U.S.-Cuba diplomatic engagement, but actively undermine civil society efforts to support the Cuban people. Further limiting the movement and activities of accredited diplomatic personnel impedes efforts to promote understanding, dialogue and critical debate, further entrenching the status quo as the Cuban people suffer the greatest crisis the island has seen in decades. Likewise, codifying Cuba’s terrorism designation undermines the president’s authority to make designations regarding U.S. national security and react to changing circumstances on the island, with negative implications for reform and citizen well-being in Cuba. As these bills continue to advance in the legislative process, ACERE will continue to educate and inform members of Congress and their staff about their implications for efforts to promote U.S.-Cuba engagement and reconciliation.
ACERE Statement
“On Friday September 26, 2025, Cuba’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs confirmed that Joanne Chesimard, better known as Assata Shakur, had passed away the previous afternoon at the age of 78 from ‘health conditions and advanced age.’
Upon the death of Assata Shakur, ACERE reiterates its call for the Trump administration to respect the letter and the spirit of U.S. law by rescinding Cuba’s place on the list of state sponsors of terrorism, not only because there is now one less reason to keep it listed, but because there was never enough credible evidence to have Cuba on the list in the first place.” – Read the ACERE Statement
US-Cuba Policy News
The views and opinions expressed by authors are their own and articles do not necessarily reflect the views or positions of ACERE.
Cuba: we’ll keep our end of deals with US despite sanctions
POLITICO national security reporter Eric Bazail-Eimil writes that Cuba will continue cooperating with Washington on key security issues despite escalating U.S. sanctions. After interviewing Cuban Foreign Minister Bruno Rodríguez Parrilla at the UN General Assembly in New York, Bazail-Eimil reports that Havana remains committed to “productive engagement” with the United States even as the State Department has been “undermining” bilateral agreements on counter-terrorism, maritime drug interdiction, and migration.
“Our desire for dialogue and agreements that benefit both of our peoples persists,” Rodríguez told POLITICO. “I’m absolutely convinced that a solution to this conflict and hostility of the United States against Cuba will prevail.”
https://www.politico.com/news/2025/09/26/cuba-us-sanctions-00583091
Exclusive: Cuba is “very worried” about looming US war with Venezuela
Speaking with journalist Mehdi Hasan on the sidelines of the UN General Assembly, Cuban Deputy Foreign Minister Carlos Fernández de Cossío warned that a potential U.S. attack on Venezuela would pose a “threat to the whole continent.” Cuba would offer “full political support” to Venezuela if such an attack occurred, though not necessarily military support.
Cossío also criticized intensified U.S. sanctions, asking how any country can develop economically if the world’s most powerful economy pressures others not to engage with it.
https://zeteo.com/p/exclusive-cuba-is-very-worried-about
Brazil, Colombia and South Africa slam US sanctions on Cuba at UN General Assembly
Leaders from Brazil, Colombia, South Africa, Vietnam, Angola and other countries used speeches at the UN General Assembly to call for an end to U.S. sanctions on Cuba and removal of the island from the state sponsors of terrorism list.
Brazilian President Lula da Silva called the designation “unacceptable,” while Vietnam and Angola urged Washington to lift the blockade. A UN vote condemning the embargo is expected once again to pass overwhelmingly, with only the United States and Israel opposing.
https://x.com/AllianceForCuba/status/1970491541572431998
Trump says Cuba has no autism. That’s news to Cuban doctors.
CNN reports that Cuban doctors and health officials pushed back after President Trump claimed Cuba has “virtually no autism.” Cuban specialists note that thousands of autistic individuals live on the island, with at least 300 professionals working in seven specialized centers.
Lower reported diagnosis rates may reflect limited resources for detection rather than absence of the condition, according to the World Health Organization.
https://www.cnn.com/2025/09/23/americas/trump-autism-cuba-intl-latam
Chicago City Council urges restored travel, trade with Cuba
Chicago’s City Council unanimously passed a resolution calling for the removal of Cuba from the U.S. terrorism list and restoration of travel and trade ties. Copies were sent to Illinois’ congressional delegation and the White House, reflecting growing local-level pressure in the U.S. for renewed engagement with Havana.
https://chicago.councilmatic.org/legislation/r2024-0011018
Cuba calls on United Nations to stop US militarization of the region
Cuban Foreign Minister Bruno Rodríguez urged the UN to intervene against what Havana describes as U.S. militarization in the Caribbean. He warned that anti-drug operations are being used as a “pretext” for aggression and could destabilize regional peace, even as Cuba continues cooperating with U.S. authorities on drug interdiction.
Cuba reports $7.5b in losses, damages due to U.S. sanctions in 2024
Cuba’s foreign ministry estimates that U.S. sanctions caused $7.5 billion in economic losses between March 2024 and March 2025, a 50% increase over the previous year.
The report cites financial restrictions, fuel supply pressure, lawsuits against foreign investors, tourism targeting, and limits on medical cooperation as key factors. The findings will accompany a UN resolution condemning the embargo.
https://www.bellyofthebeastcuba.com/documents/cubas-2025-report-on-impact-of-us-bloackade
Fla judge sets aside $30m Helms-Burton verdict
A federal judge in Florida overturned a $30 million Helms-Burton verdict against major travel companies, ruling there was insufficient evidence they knowingly “trafficked” in disputed Cuban properties after notification. The case had been the first jury verdict under Title III of the Helms-Burton Act.
https://www.law360.com/articles/2384946/fla-judge-sets-aside-30m-helms-burton-verdict
DOJ shuts down $18 human smuggling ring scheme that brought hundreds of Cubans to America
U.S. prosecutors charged 12 individuals in an alleged $18 million scheme that helped Cuban migrants pose as Spanish citizens to enter the United States through the visa waiver program. The defendants face charges including conspiracy to commit alien smuggling and asylum fraud.
Trump extends Trading with the Enemy Act on Cuba for another year
The Trump administration renewed the Trading with the Enemy Act as applied to Cuba for another year, maintaining the core legal basis of the embargo. Cuba remains the only country still subject to the World War I-era law.
Will Cuba be allowed in the 2026 World Baseball Classic?
Cuba’s participation in the 2026 World Baseball Classic remains uncertain because Major League Baseball requires U.S. Treasury approval to work with Cuba’s baseball federation under sanctions law. Without authorization, the Cuban team may be unable to compete in the Miami-based tournament.
Miami-Dade tax collector vows crackdown on businesses tied to Cuba
Miami-Dade officials announced plans to investigate local businesses linked to Cuba and warned they could face closure for violating sanctions. The move follows pressure from Rep. María Elvira Salazar calling for federal investigations into companies doing legal business with Cuba’s private sector.
They left Cuba seeking the American Dream. ICE sent them home in shackles.
CNN documented deportation flights returning Cuban migrants to the island, with many reporting harsh detention conditions and family separations. More than 1,000 Cubans have been deported from the U.S. this year.
https://www.cnn.com/2025/09/02/americas/cuba-deportees-us-ice-intl-latam
Appeals court upholds end to Cuban parole program
A federal appeals court upheld the termination of humanitarian parole protections for Cubans, Haitians, Nicaraguans, and Venezuelans. The decision affects nearly half a million migrants and has been described by attorneys as the largest mass revocation of legal status in modern U.S. history.
News from Cuba
The views and opinions expressed by authors are their own and articles do not necessarily reflect the views or positions of ACERE.
Brazil aids Cuba on food security with UN support
A high-level delegation of Brazilian government officials and business leaders traveled to Cuba to support cooperation on trade, investment, and public policies aimed at strengthening food security and nutritional sovereignty. Backed by funding from the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the delegation included Brazil’s minister of agricultural development, the director of the Brazilian Cooperation Agency, and Brazil’s ambassador to Havana.
The group shared Brazil’s experience with local food production programs, public procurement systems, and multilateral technical assistance. The visit coincided with a Brazil-Cuba Multisectoral Business Mission organized by Brazil’s Trade Promotion and Export Agency (APEX), bringing together companies from sectors including food, construction, hygiene products, and footwear.
Trade between Brazil and Cuba reached $279 million in 2024, marking a more than 25% increase from the previous year.
Cuba records nearly 1,000 same-sex marriages in 2024
Cuba registered nearly 1,000 same-sex marriages in 2024, according to the National Office of Statistics and Information. Same-sex marriage and adoption were legalized under the 2022 Family Code, approved by more than two-thirds of voters and widely considered one of the most progressive family law reforms in the region.
Recently, Cuba also adopted legislation allowing individuals to legally change their gender on identification documents without requiring prior gender-affirming medical procedures.
Cuba hit with fifth blackout in less than a year with 10m people in the dark
Cuba experienced its fifth nationwide blackout in less than a year in early September, leaving nearly the entire population without electricity and worsening existing shortages of food, medicine, transport, and fuel.
The Guardian reports that the island’s energy crisis has intensified in part due to U.S. sanctions that restrict access to foreign currency, fuel purchases, and parts needed to repair aging thermoelectric plants. According to Cuban authorities, power was restored to about 80% of Havana within 24 hours, though nearly 10 million residents were initially affected.
The blackout follows repeated nationwide outages over the past year, reflecting Cuba’s most severe economic crisis in three decades and prompting small protests across several cities.
Recommended Media
The views and opinions expressed by authors are their own and articles do not necessarily reflect the views or positions of ACERE.
The new fears of Cubans in Florida: The Economist reports that as Miami’s Freedom Tower, better known as the “Ellis Island of the South,” gets unveiled next month following its $65 million facelift, the privileged status that Cuban immigrants have enjoyed since the Cold War is quickly slipping away. The author writes that for Cubans in South Florida, the Trump administration’s immigration policies are “arousing not only fear but also indignation, particularly as local leaders who had long defended Cuban migrants now stand idly by for fear of drawing Trumpian ire.” According to Cuban-American former Congressman Joe García, “all of a sudden, we’re just like Mexicans,” referring to the apparent loss of special immigration privileges Cuban immigrants once enjoyed. Miami-based immigration lawyer Wilfredo Allen, whose 16,000 clients are nearly all Cuban, said that 28 judges at Miami’s downtown immigrant court wade through a backlog of some 312,000 pending cases on a daily basis. “People are terrified of going to court hearings,” Allen said. “There’s no rhyme or reason as to how they handle these cases. It’s totally arbitrary.” https://www.economist.com/the-americas/2025/08/21/the-new-fears-of-cubans-in-florida
20-hour blackouts, garbage-lined streets: this is life under Cuba’s ‘war economy’: CNN en Español journalist Gonzalo Zegarra writes that prolonged blackouts in Cuba are severely hamstringing the recovery of the island’s economy, compounding issues related to the water supply, trash collection, public transportation, and food production, among others. Documenting a laundry list of external and internal factors contributing to Cuba’s profound economic recession, Zegarra writes that a stagnant productive sector, a severe foreign reserves shortage, and the reduced availability of subsidized food are contributing to a growing polycrisis on the island that authorities are increasingly acknowledging. This paralysis, Zegarra notes, has precipitated partial government responses that in turn create other issues, and combined with the Trump administration’s unwillingness to reconsider any of its sanctions against the island, have led to a unprecedented migratory exodus that has reduced the island’s population for a fourth consecutive year in 2024. https://amp.cnn.com/cnn/2025/08/22/americas/cuba-crisis-energy-economy-intl-latam
Vietnamese are helping Cuba with 38-cent donations. A lot of them.: New York Times Vietnam Bureau Chief Damien Cave writes that “a new crowdfunding campaign for Cuba led by the Central Committee of the Vietnam Red Cross Society has raised more than $13 million in the first week, far more than organizers had expected for the entire 2-month effort…attracting 1.7 million donations.” The campaign, intended to assuage hunger and runaway inflation on the island, appealed to many Vietnamese who remember how “Cuba supported Vietnam during the wars of the 1960s and ‘70s, building hospitals and sending doctors, sugar and cattle.” Cave argues that many Vietnamese have also had an “awkward realization” that the two countries’ roles have reversed because of choices made as the Cold War ended, referencing Vietnam’s pivot to free enterprise in the late-1980s and Cuba’s insistence on strict state control over the economy. Noting that the U.S. embargo has limited Cuba’s options for recovery, Cave writes that Vietnam has become even more determined to help, including through donations of rice and new joint ventures to produce the staple of Cubans’ diets on the island itself. https://www.nytimes.com/2025/08/19/world/asia/vietnam-cuba-fundraising.html
The embargo on Cuba doesn’t represent American values: Miami-born Cuban-American marine scientist Fernando Bretos, PhD, writes for the independent media outlet Belly of the Beast: “The embargo is fundamentally un-American. [Its] limitations stand in direct opposition to the values, principles and liberties that lie at the heart of what our nation is meant to represent.” Bretos, who has worked in Cuba for over 25 years on coral restoration and climate resilience in coastal communities, argues that, along with restricting remittances, increasing bureaucracy, and stunting business development, U.S. sanctions on Cuba have curtailed science diplomacy between the two countries. “The embargo restricts travel by scientists like me, limits the flow of supplies and technology for cutting-edge scientific research and prevents Cuban scientists from traveling to the U.S. for academic exchange and training,” Bretos says. https://www.bellyofthebeastcuba.com/embargo-on-cuba-doesnt-represent-american-values-traveling-to-cuba-does
Inflation has hurt Cubans’ pockets more than official figures suggest: Dr. Emily Morris, an economist at University College, London, writes in The Conversation that “official figures systematically understate the actual increase in prices faced by Cuban households.” In the article, Morris notes that “in 2021, for example, research estimated the inflation rate was anywhere between 174% and 700% – well above the government’s estimate (77.3%).” While inflation may be leveling off, with the official annual rate easing to 15% in June, rising prices “have put essential goods beyond the reach of most people who depend on state incomes,” Morris argues. She also contends that “constraint on economic growth imposed by US measures is real and severe,” writing that “every branch of the Cuban economy has been affected by US sanctions…and the lack of hard currency has, in turn, limited the scope for the investments and reforms needed for economic recovery.” https://theconversation.com/cuban-government-scrambling-to-deal-with-outrage-about-countrys-economic-crisis-261702
The Cuban billionaire behind the pro-immigrant billboards in Miami: El País reports that Cuban-born, Miami-based billionaire Mike Fernández has been anonymously funding a campaign against the Trump administration’s immigration agenda since April, paying for billboards on Miami highways calling out Secretary of State Marco Rubio and the three Cuban-American members of Congress from South Florida – Republicans Mario Díaz-Balart, María Elvira Salazar and Carlos Giménez. The campaign, for which Fernandez says he’s willing to spend up to $30 million, calls the lawmakers “cowards” and “traitors” for abandoning immigrants through policies like mass deportations, quotas for daily arrests, the cancellation of temporary protections and humanitarian programs, and the use of immigration detention centers for individuals with no criminal record. “The direction that we’re going as a nation is totally opposite to what the Constitution says [and] to the way that Americans treated me as a child,” Fernández told El País. “I don’t object to many of the provisions of the Administration and their policies. What I do object to is the cruelty and the treatment of others as if they were animals.” https://english.elpais.com/usa/2025-08-05/the-cuban-billionaire-behind-the-pro-immigrant-billboards-in-miami-if-i-have-to-spend-30-million-in-this-fight-i-will-spend-it.html